In what type of companies do stockholders share in profits or losses?

Stock companies operate on a for-profit basis, and their ownership is divided among shareholders or stockholders. These stockholders invest in the company and expect to receive dividends when the company generates profits. Moreover, stockholders also bear the risk of losses. If the company performs poorly or incurs losses, the value of the stock may decline, impacting the stockholders' investment.

This structure contrasts with mutual companies, where policyholders own the company and share in the profits through dividends or reductions in premiums; they do not have shareholders in the traditional sense. Therefore, the correct answer focuses on stock companies, as that is where stockholders specifically participate in both profits and losses. Insurance cooperatives, while similar to mutual companies, generally operate on a non-profit basis and are focused on the well-being of members rather than profit-sharing with stockholders.